Understanding Eczema: A Guide for Symptoms and Root Causes

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition characterised by dry, flaky, and itchy skin. Affecting individuals of all ages, this chronic condition often begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood or sometimes may emerge later in life. 

With approximately 1.6 million Australians experiencing eczema, it has become a growing concern, affecting 1 in 5 people with moderate to severe forms. In this blog, we will delve into the signs, symptoms, and underlying factors associated with eczema, empowering readers to take charge of their skin health.



I. Symptoms of Eczema:

Eczema presents itself in different stages, each displaying unique symptoms:

Acute Dermatitis:

  • Redness

  • Heat

  • Intense itchiness

  • Swelling

  • Vesicles (fluid-filled bumps)

  • Oozing

  • Pain

  • Impaired skin function


Subacute Dermatitis:

  • Redness

  • Heat

  • Persistent itchiness

  • Skin erosions

  • Crusting

  • Scaling

  • Exfoliation


Chronic Dermatitis:

  • Redness

  • Persistent heat

  • Continuing itchiness

  • Dryness

  • Scaling

  • Thickening and hardening of the skin


II. Issues Associated with Eczema:

Eczema's impact extends beyond skin symptoms, affecting various aspects of life:

  • Irritability

  • Increased risk of infections

  • Sleep disturbances

  • Self-esteem issues

  • Interference with work and social life

  • Mental health challenges

  • Decline in overall quality of life


The intense itchiness associated with eczema can lead to further complications, as scratching may break the skin and pave the way for infections. Over time, chronic scratching can result in permanent thickening or hardening of the affected areas.



III. Underlying Factors Contributing to Eczema:

While the exact cause of eczema remains unclear, research suggests that it arises due to a combination of internal and external imbalances within the body. These factors contribute to inflammation and weaken the skin barrier, causing “Leaky skin”. Leaky skin allows allergens, irritants, and microorganisms to penetrate the skin, leading to damage and impaired skin function. 


Key contributing factors include:

  • Gut dysfunction

  • Microbiome imbalances

  • Incorrect diet or food intolerances

  • Exposure to environmental toxins or allergens

  • Nutritional deficiencies

  • Impaired liver function

  • Thyroid dysfunction

  • Hormonal imbalances

  • Chronic stress and past trauma

  • Genetic predisposition

  • Autoimmune tendencies


IV. Management and Support:

Managing eczema requires a holistic approach, addressing the root causes and providing consistent support. Although specialists may only suggest managing flare-ups, achieving remission is possible with the right approach. An eczema healing journey demands time, patience, consistency, and a strong support system.

Understanding eczema goes beyond surface-level symptoms. By comprehending the underlying factors and adopting a holistic approach to management, individuals can improve their skin health and overall well-being. Remember, with proper support and a dedicated effort, managing eczema can lead to significant relief and possibly even remission.



Sarris, J., & Wardle, J. (Eds.). (2019). Clinical naturopathy : an evidence-based guide to practice (Third). Elsevier. Retrieved July 25, 2023, from https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/nursing/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780729543026000286

Lio, P. A., M.D. (2019). Leaky gut, leaky skin, or both? Dermatology Times, 40(6), 16-17. https://torrens.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/trade-journals/leaky-gut-skin-both/docview/2262670829/se-2

Hechtman, L. (2019). Clinical naturopathic medicine (Second). Elsevier. Retrieved July 22, 2023, from https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/nursing/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780729542425000161?scrollTo=%23hl0000325 


Darlenski, R., Kozyrskyj, A. L., Fluhr, J. W., & Caraballo, L. (2021). Association between barrier impairment and skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis from a global perspective: unmet needs and open questions. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 148(6), 1387–1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.002

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